Passing As An Integral Part Of African American Literature

Kevan Josephs 04/29/15 Dr. Rose-Brown ENGL-244 Caucasia â€Å"Passing as white is, of course, how modernists would have understood the term. But even in this, its first cultural sense, passing is far more complicated than the notion of Wearing a mask or of assuming a fraudulent identity would suggest†¦Passing—actual and Imaginary, conscious and unconscious—at once produced profound shifts in thinking About the boundaries of identity and aroused ambivalence about those shifting, unstable Borders† (Caughie 387). This Quote is from Pamela Caughie‟s article â€Å"Passing as Modernism† which defines the reason behind passing, According to Caughie passing isn t simply pretending to be white, but is way for an individual to shift the†¦show more content†¦While there are parallels in traditional novels of passing; including fear, sacrifice, isolation, and conflict, Danzy Senna‟s Caucasia, novel falls within a different category of having a mixed-race character who willing embraces both their black and white identities. This presents the controversy of passing and racial identity, separately from Nella Larsen‟s Quicksand and Jessie Fauset‟s Plum Bun in which their mixed race characters primarily wish to embrace their white identity. Caucasia being set after the civil right act, describes the personal story of Birdie Lee, a young biracial girl growing up in Boston in the late 70’s to early 80’s. Birdies’ fath er is a black intellectual who has risen up from the tenacious circumstances of his youth, he spends most of his time preoccupied with his theories of origins and effects of racism; her mother on the other hand comes from and aristocrat family to which the book refers to as â€Å"blue-blood†, she is a turned revolutionary who is concerned more with direct action against racism than its theory. Birdie’s older sister Cole, has darker skin than Birdie and is noted that the two do not look very much alike, but they however have a very exclusive relationship and even share their own language called Elemento. Birdie is very fond of Cole as she was the first person she saw when she was born â€Å"Before I ever saw myself, I saw my sister. When I was

Impact Of Tourism On The Tourism Industry - 922 Words

We now live in an age penetrated with revolution, cooperation and competition. With the dramatic development of the global economy and industrialization, there has been a dramatic increase in travel over the last few decades. Ashworth, G. Page, S.J. argue as if it is a general truth that â€Å"the tourism industry clearly needs the varied, flexible and accessible tourism product that cities provide: it is by no means so clear that cities need tourism† (Urban Tourism Research: Recent progress and current paradoxes, Tourism Management, Vol. 32, pp 1-15.). This essay, supports part of the quote, which claims that it is necessary for contemporary cities to offer several types of tourism products for the tourism industry which could be easily reached to the tourists. However, it is doubtful that the tourism modern-day cities do not need the tourism industry. The structure of the paper is as follows. This essay is written from two aspects. In the first place, explaining the reason why I think variable city tourism products are needed. (The following parts would explain the relevant theory, opinion and then exemplification). In the second place, pointing out the fact that some cities do need the tourism industry to boost their economy. These two parts are independent to each other. 2. The relationship between the tourism industry and tourism products 2.1 What is a tourism product? Mason (2000) and Poerwanto (1998) have made the formulation of the components of tourism product,Show MoreRelatedTourism Industry And Its Impact On Tourism1318 Words   |  6 PagesIn the pacific, the tourism industry has been growing rapidly in size and in investment lately and shows no sign of slowing down. However, the newer tactics and ways to generate profit for the tourism industry today have impacted the land, environment, and culture of the area being exposed to tourism (Taylor Francis, 325-327). 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Current Change Management Theory

Question: Discuss about theCurrent Change Management Theory. Answer: Introduction In the context of professional and personal domain, change is likely to be constant. It requires immense time and energy to cope in this ever changing world. In order to make the task easy several individuals have designed various models to manage change in structural manner. Managing change is a process wherein the range of an assignment is altered in order to fulfill the changing requirements. It requires structured models and a planned outline to be able to move from existing state to a preferred state. Effective change management is required to ensure that the operations are as per budget and the work gets converted into increased ROI. In this ever changing fast paced environment, it is all the more essential that businesses do not apply random methods, but regularly ensure structured changes and adopt new methods to meet the business requirements. It is a continued activity that requires both time and expertise to be executed effectively. Change management involves the employees of the company as the change affects both the organization as well as the employees. Lewins Change Management Model The first model that is discussed in the report is the very famous and successful model created by Kurt Lewin in the year 1950. It is still valid in todays business environment. Lewin explained the model by the changing forms of ice. The three stages explained by him are unfreeze, change and refreeze. The first stage requires thorough groundwork for the change; therefore the business should make the mind that change is essential and therefore unavoidable. This is an important stage because as per human tendency, people resist to change. Therefore, at this stage it is important to enlighten people the need for the change and what benefits the change will bring in. The next stage is the stage where the actual change happens (Hossan, 2015). It is a lengthy stage as it requires time, as people embrace the changed progress. In this phase, there is a need of good leadership to make the transition process easier for its people. To ensure success of this stage time and communication has to b e invested. The third phase is to refreeze as the change has happened and been implemented. This phase requires people to be back to their routine. This step requires that changes are implemented even after the objectives of change have been met. Relevance of the Model The model is although too simple, but still it is relevant to isolated change assignment like government projects etc. The model contributes to understanding the behavior of individual and group components therefore it is valid today. The model might not work in case of very unstable business environment. Also, the model uses top down management approach which makes it more applicable for small business with slow change deadlines. For businesses which require continuous innovation, an employee driven change would be more suitable. McKinsey 7 S Model The next model that is discussed is the McKinsey 7 S Model created by consultants of the company in the year 1980. This model is one of the models that have stayed with the changing times. The model involves seven stages. The first stage is a strategy where step by step planning is done to achieve the goals (Team, 2015). The next stage involves the structure that has to be followed. Then comes system stage whereby an order of the task relating to daily activities is carved out. Next are the shared value that is the main worth of the business that have to be incorporated. The next stage is the style which discusses the way in which the change is executed. Next S refers to staff and their capacity to perform the task. Finally, seventh S is the skill of the employee (Normandin, 2012). Relevance of the Model in Todays Organization This model is still relevant in todays organizations as it provides a manner to understand the uniqueness of every organization and incorporates both emotional and practical aspects of change for a successful transition of change. Also the model incorporates all parts of the change and do not leave any essential component. It also provides a direction to the business for change to take place successfully. The only drawback of using this model is that all the components are dependent on each other, therefore failing in one area means failing of all the parts (Connelly, 2016). Kotters Change Management This theory was invented by John P. Kotter, Harvard Business School Professor through his book Leading change; it is most popular and adopted theories in the world. This theory is divided into eight steps which focuses on the concept that how people will change. These stages are as follows: - Create Urgency - This step involves creating urgency among people in order to motivate them towards change. This is done by conversing openly about market competition. If many people start talking about it, the urgency is built. For this, the organizations identify threats and analyze what can happen in future; opportunities should be discussed and not be ignored. Then discussions can be held to bring dynamism and convince people to think about change. Build Team Under this step, Kotter suggests that the right people should be selected with a good mix of commitment, skills and knowledge. To lead change, powerful or influential people with wide sources, skills should be united. Teams can be formed from stakeholders asking for emotional commitment from them to drive change. Next is Create Vision This stage includes creating the correct vision through creativity and emotional connect linking all the great ideas and solution leading to change. A clear vision will help everyone to under stand the concepts clearly. A short summary should be prepared which clarifies the future of the organization and create a strategy to execute change. Communicate the vision The vision should be well communicated to people. This will determine the success of the organization. The vision can be communicated not only through the meeting, but anytime when a person gets a chance. This can be done when the leaders talk about their vision daily and address the anxiety and concerns of people daily with open and honest hand. Next comes Remove Obstacles There will be some barriers and resistance to change. Continuous follow ups and barriers should be checked and steps should be taken to remove them so that the vision can be executed successfully. Change Leaders should be identified who can communicate and deliver the change, people who are resistant to change and other barriers should be identified to implement change successfully. Actions should be taken to remove these obstacles. Create short term Win Show some quick wins of change to staff, which will them to motivate. Create short term targets and while achieving them, many people will be influenced (Heraclitus, 2016). Rewards should be given to people while achieving these targets. Build Change Change is a long and deep process. Management should not be just happy because of quick win; in fact real change is deep. After every win, realize and make new steps towards achieving the vision and continuous improvement should be implied to processes. Anchor changes in corporate culture. Finally, the changes should become part of your organization culture. The change should be seen in every aspect in day to day work. Support from people is very important in this. Relevance in Todays Organization These steps are very important for todays organization as well. These are easy steps to incorporate and follow. Accepting change is important to change to happen successfully. Ericsson successfully applied these steps in their change managing projects in 2008 when they entered 4G network and other projects (Shurrab, 2014). Adkar: Simple Powerful, Action Oriented Model of Change This model is a practical model which answers change management for all stakeholders. While all other models focus on steps, this model suggests that change occurs when every person is able to change successfully. Developed by Jeff Hiatt, CEO this model focuses on 5 actions necessary for change (Hiatt, 2006). These five steps are building blocks to success and each should be completed while moving to the next. The first step is Awareness for Change For any change to happen, it is important to understand why this change is necessary. Planned communication is necessary; when this step is completed the individual will fully understand why change is important. Desire to support change Once awareness of change is clear, the individual develops desire to participate and support change. Desire can be built when an individual is offered incentives to be part of the change. Knowledge on how to change - Knowledge on change can be provided by normal training and education method. Few methods of training are coaching, mentoring etc. Ability to implement skills The individual has to adapt skills while on practical performance; this can take some through coaching and practice. Reinforcement - It is been ensured that individuals dont turn to old methods of performance and take corrective action (Prosci Change Management Team, 2013). Relevance in Todays Organization This model is most used in todays organization. When a Texas group wanted to digitalize, this biggest change management was done through Adkar method. A change management network was built which provided information, tips to all individual so that resistance to people decreases. They prepared dress rehearsal activities to implement change successfully. Surveys were conducted about peoples opinion and knowledge. This model hence is most popular among organizations to implement change successfully (Prosci Inc., 2014). Recommendations and Conclusion The report discusses four change models and its relevance in todays environment. In a model like McKinsey 7 S Model, all the factors are interrelated and interdependent on one another, the failing of one part means failing of all and this is the greatest disadvantage of this model. Also, some models are complex as compared to the others, therefore the models should be chosen as per the structure of the organization. For an example, the model which uses top down management approach should be applied for small business with slow change deadlines and for businesses which require continuous innovation, an employee driven change would be more suitable. References Connelly, M., 2016. Change Management Models, Available at: https://www.change-management-coach.com/change-management-models.html Heraclitus, 2016. Kotter's 8-Step Change Model. Implementing Change Powerfully and Successfully. Hiatt, J., 2006. The Essence of ADKAR: a model for individual change management: Prosci, Available at: https://www.change-management.com/The-Essence-of-ADKAR.pdf Hossan, C., 2015. Applicability of Lewins Change Management Theory in Australian Local Government. International Journal of Business and Management, 10(6), pp. 1-13. Normandin, B., 2012. Three Types of Change Management Models. 28 August, Available at: https://www.quickbase.com/blog/three-types-of-change-management-models Prosci Change Management Team, 2013. Prosci: Change Management Series, Available at: https://www.change-management.com/prosci_change_series.pdf Prosci Inc., 2014. Case study - impact of effective change management, Available at: https://www.change-management.com/tutorial-why-case-study.htm Shurrab, H., 2014. The Eight Step Model of Change - a Case Study on Ericsson. April, Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/hafezshurrab1/the-eight-step-model-of-change-a-case-study-on-ericsson Team, C., 2015. Major Approaches Models of Change Management, Available at: https://www.cleverism.com/major-approaches-models-of-change-management/

The Fed and Interest Rates Dave Pettit of The Wall Essay Example For Students

The Fed and Interest Rates Dave Pettit of The Wall Essay The Fed and Interest RatesDave Pettit of The Wall Street Journal writes a daily column that appears inside the first page of the journals Money ; Investment section. If the headlines of Mr. Pettits daily column are any accurate record of economic concerns and current issues in the business world, the late weeks of March and the early weeks of April in 1994 were intensely concerned with interest rates. To quote, Industrials Edge Up 4.32 Points Amid Caution on Interest Rates, and Industrials Track On 13.53 Points Despite Interest-Rate Concerns. Why such a concern with interest rates? A week before, in the last week of March, the Fed had pushed up the short-term rates. This being the first increase in almost five years, it caused quite a stir.When the Fed decides the economy is growing at too quick a pace, or inflation is getting out of hand, it can take actions to slow spending and decrease the money supply. This corresponding with the money equation MV = PY, by lowering both M and V, P and Y can stabilize if they are increasing too rapidly. The Fed does this by selling securities on the open market. This, in turn, reduces banks reserves and forces the interest rate to rise so the banks can afford to make loans. People seeing these rises in rates will tend to sell their low interest assets, in order to acquire additional money, they tend move toward higher yielding accounts, also further increasing the rate. Soon this small change by the Fed affects all aspects of business, from the price level to interest rates on credit cards.Rises and falls in the interest rate can reflect many changes in an economy. When the economy is in a recession and needs a type of stimulus package, the Fed may attempt to decrease the interest rates to encourage growth and spending in the markets. This was the case from 1989 until last month, during which the nations economy was generally considered to be in a slight to moderate recession. During this period the Fed tried to keep interes t rates low to facilitate growth and spending in hard times. However, when inflation is increasing too quickly and the economy is gaining strength, the Fed will attempt to raise rates, as it did late last March. This can be considered a sign that we are pulling out of the recession, or atleast it seems the Fed feels the recession of the early nineties is ending.Directly after the Feds actions, the stock market was a mess. The Dow took huge dips, falling as much as 50 points a day. Although no one knows exactly what influences the market, the increase in interest rates played a major role in this craziness. Mr. Pettits column on March 25th highlights, Industrials Slide 48.37, Mr. Pettit attributes a large portion of the markets tailspin at this time to, Rising interest rates at home. It is certainly no coincidence that these two events happened at the same time.Alan Greenspan, the current chairman of the Fed comes under great attack and praise with every move the Fed makes. He is, in a sense, the embodiment of the Fed. He has been in charge of the Fed since 1987. Some economists blame him for the recession of the early nineties. His influence on the interest rates as chairman of the Fed is monumental. It is his combined job as the Fed to steer the economy in a balanced manner that does not yield too much to inflation and to keep growth steady. Predictably, most economists are back seat drivers when it comes to watching the actions of Allen Greenspan, and they tend to feel they could much more successfully manage the economy than he. Many also agree with his tactics, so it is a two way street on which the chairman is forced to drive.It seems that not only the analysts are in disagreement of how the fed should operate, but interestingly enough, the internal policy makers seem to also disagree on what stance the Fed should take. Some of the internal policy makers are interested in making a more substantial increase now, while others opt for a more conservative app roach, where the market can be tested for both good and bad influences from the rate increases. Allen Greenspan is one of this more conservative group, and it is he is critisized by some for the irradic behavior in the stock market as of late.The equilibrium that the Fed is looking for occurs when an interest rate is set that makes the quantity of real money available be willingly held. Because this is such a delicate system this equilibrium is never exactly met, and the Feds job is to try to keep the market at or near this form of equilibrium. Unfortunately this case is never exactly met, and the market can easily suffer because of it. Summary of Articles: US News (Late March 1994) -Interest Rates: The Fed Strikes AgainThis article covers a brief explanation of exactly what the Fed did, covering the major factors and influences of the Feds actions. It pays special attention on the issue of inflation, and how different forecasters will interpret the Feds actions. Overall, this artic le gives the reader a good understanding of what took place, and what repercussions are likely to come about because of it.The Wall Street Journal (Mon. March 28, 1994) -Fed Was Divided on Rate-Rise Size Voted in FebruaryThis article shows an interesting perspective of the Fed. It discusses the fact that the Feds policy makers were somewhat split between those who were looking for a slight increase as opposed to one of somewhat greater magnitude. This article is interesting because it shows that even the Fed can be uncertain about what is best for the economy, but it still focuses on the power of Allen Greenspan, as well as the committee as a whole. It compares the two arguments of each method, and shows a weakness in the Fed that may have been unknown to the reader before. The Wall Street Journal (Mon. April 11, 1994) -Fed Moved Too Slow On Increasing RatesThis recent article criticizes the Feds actions in raising the interest rate, and complains that the Fed has fallen behind in i ts job. It discusses the plan for a Neutral policy and what the Fed has tried to do and not do to maintain this so called policy. It argues the motives and reasons for wanting a lower interest rate and compares past decades to todays standings. Overall it focuses deeply on the need to check inflation and if it is valid. It shows that the Fed tends to take a more conservative approach to the economy than some analysts would prefer, but that the Fed will probably continue to raise interest rates. .ub5ad1352f8aa3f77b774a209c45aaac3 , .ub5ad1352f8aa3f77b774a209c45aaac3 .postImageUrl , .ub5ad1352f8aa3f77b774a209c45aaac3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub5ad1352f8aa3f77b774a209c45aaac3 , .ub5ad1352f8aa3f77b774a209c45aaac3:hover , .ub5ad1352f8aa3f77b774a209c45aaac3:visited , .ub5ad1352f8aa3f77b774a209c45aaac3:active { border:0!important; } .ub5ad1352f8aa3f77b774a209c45aaac3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub5ad1352f8aa3f77b774a209c45aaac3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub5ad1352f8aa3f77b774a209c45aaac3:active , .ub5ad1352f8aa3f77b774a209c45aaac3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub5ad1352f8aa3f77b774a209c45aaac3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub5ad1352f8aa3f77b774a209c45aaac3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub5ad1352f8aa3f77b774a209c45aaac3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub5ad1352f8aa3f77b774a209c45aaac3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub5ad1352f8aa3f77b774a209c45aaac3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub5ad1352f8aa3f77b774a209c45aaac3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub5ad1352f8aa3f77b774a209c45aaac3 .ub5ad1352f8aa3f77b774a209c45aaac3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub5ad1352f8aa3f77b774a209c45aaac3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The African Lion Essay We will write a custom essay on The Fed and Interest Rates Dave Pettit of The Wall specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now